The Outsourcing Dilemma Essay example - 1929 Words

The Outsourcing Dilemma CIS Strategic Planning Introduction To outsource or not to outsource, that is the question. It is indeed a question that a CIO, CEO, or IT manager is likely to encounter. It is not a simple question, nor is the answer simple, and there is not a one size fits all solution. As with any decision, it is good to face it with facts and without prejudice. This work shall discuss factors that help determine the answer, risks, benefits, cost analysis, and implications to the business. Prevalence of outsourcing How prevalent is outsourcing of IT function? Is it true that outsourcing in US companies primarily sends work to foreign countries? According to a Culpepper Compensation and Benefit Survey of 68 science and†¦show more content†¦The traditional relationship would suit the client that knows exactly what the solution will look like and do, whereas the partnership relationship would suit the client that only knows the functionality that is needed but does not know how the solution would look. The options being offered are constantly changing as outsourcing providers attempt to predict the needs of future clients and respond to needs of present clients. Outsourcing is a broad topic and this work will address it in a general rather than a specific manner, differentiating only where the options are completely distinct. Strategic implications At the surface, it may appear that outsourcing would limit the control that the company would have over the IT function and resources, but is that really so? This question begs another one. Does the company have control now, or is the IT function already out of control? Can the company devote the kind of resource necessary to manage its own IT resources? Is it strategically a sound decision to have a department in the company that specializes in IT support, or would it be better to obtain service from a company that specializes in IT support? One thing is clear, a company must focus on its strategic mission. It cannot be fragmented from that mission by other areas of focus. This type of focus can happen with internal IT support if the IT department can perceive ownership of the company strategicShow MoreRelatedCross-Cultural Perspectives: Evaluating the Ethical and Social Responsibility of Software Outsourcing at Oracle1116 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluating the Ethical and Social Resp onsibility of Software Outsourcing at Oracle Introduction The ethicacy and social responsibility involved with the development of an effective software outsourcing strategy is a dilemma many American software companies are facing today. More specifically, the ethics of paying for software to be developed in third world nations including India, Pakistan and China for use in the United States, potentially in companies whose role is critical to national defenseRead MoreSituation Analysis and Problem Statement: Global Communications1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe context of the paper will examine the Case Study of Global Communication and start with a situation analysis by providing a brief background of the scenario, identify the issues and opportunities, explore stakeholder perspectives and ethical dilemmas. Continuing through the problem definition guidelines a Problem Statement will be developed and End State Goals will be identified. Situation Background (Step 1) The telecommunications industry is becoming more competitive as cable companiesRead MoreEthical Issue And The Ethical Dilemma882 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Ethics Introduction In this week’s assignment, we have been asked to identify an ethical issue presented in the Devise Products Unlimited (DPU) case study. First we will discuss the issue and the ethical dilemma it creates. Next we will look at possible recommendations for the DPU CEO to handle this issue. The Ethical Issue First, let’s start by looking at what the ethical issue that DPU is facing. The issue that I have chosen to focus on is issue two from the case study:Read MoreMGMT 310 Unit 3 IP1098 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Unit 3 – Outsourcing American InterContinental University Abstract While faced with competitive markets and globalization, companies are always looking for ways to improve their overall cost and pricing structure. It is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain quality levels of service while providing good and services at rates where companies can remain profitable. As companies compete in a global market, several challenges are prevalent. As the business worldRead MoreOutsourcing Is An Important Tool That Organization959 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing has become an important tool that organization are taking advantage of more in this age of technology. It allows for a company or organization to select a partner or source to move a portion of their business to that usually has expertise in that area. It is a option that is being utilized by organizations in many countries. Outsourcing is a tool that enables organizations to gain some levels or competitive edge in their industries. It also allows organizations to obtain some priceRead More The Outsourcing of American Jobs Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Outsourcing of American Jobs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exporting of American jobs is an issue that is important and will become increasingly so as more and more white collar jobs are shipped overseas. American companies in the past few decades have been sending American jobs overseas paying residents of other countries pennies on the dollar what they had paid American workers to do. This saves the companies millions of dollars on labor costs but costs Americans precious jobs. As the problem of job outsourcingRead MorePrice Elasticity Scenario647 Words   |  3 Pagesthe content read by a realistic synthetic voice. Carlos has a business plan that focuses on selling these digital books online and he believes that he has developed a business model that can be success. However, Carlos is currently facing a major dilemma concerning about how to price his product so that it can be competitive in the market. This brief analysis will illustrate some of the economic principles that are relevant to the decision that Carlos faces and evaluates different option in whichRead MoreEssay on Ethical Implications of Outsourcing1164 Words   |  5 Pagesof Outsourcing Shawn Schneider University of Phoenix Michael Osby MGT216 May 18, 2009 Ethical Implications of Outsourcing For several years, many companies have turned to outsourcing income tax preparation and income tax return filing to companies in other countries to improve performance. The act of outsourcing a company’s tax preparation is reasonable if the company is confident with the servicing company which is contracted; by outsourcing oneRead MoreThe Effects of Outsourcing in America Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesThis quote by Adam Smith, cited by Timothy Taylor, defines outsourcing as a task that can be done within a group, but is instead done by a third-party group for less money. While outsourcing service benefits American firms, studies show it takes jobs from middle-class Americans and adversely affects the American economy; however, other research proposes that outsourcing might actually benefit the American economy. One effect of outsourcing is that it economically benefits American firms both domesticallyRead MoreMicrosoft Outsourcing the XBox Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesMicrosoft - Outsourcing Xbox Background Microsoft, from its inception, has been known for its software, especially its Windows platform. It has changed the way we operate computers and through its software, has made the computer user-friendly and very efficient. Microsoft, however, does not want to only specialize in the software department. They have thus expanded their excellence in other departments such as gaming, music and hardware. Problem When Microsoft entered the video

Examples Of Illusion And Reality In The Great Gatsby

Throughout the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald the theme of The American Dream and Illusion versus Reality are interlinked and are also evident within the novel. This is seen through the protagonist Jay Gatsby, recently changed from James Gatz, who once lived with a poor lifestyle, strived for greatness and luxury in order to achieve The American dream, and is now living in West Egg. This is where people of new wealth go to live their lives. Gatsby’s tale of rags-to-riches can be seen as living The American Dream, however Gatsby always wants one thing in order to complete this desire; Daisy Buchanan. She is first introduced as an innocent and generous woman who is genuine in all the things she says and does. Gatsby was once†¦show more content†¦Jay Gatsby’s aspirations to achieve the American Dream was impossible due to his inability to differentiate between illusions and reality. Gatsby’s stubbornness to rekindle his past love causes his to spiral out of control. He would constantly try to put his needs aside in order to fulfill hers. Gatsby is blind to the fact that Daisy does not have the same feelings towards him. Daisy was only going with Gatsby in order to get back at Tom for having multiple affairs. Gatsby is still not in the same social circle because Daisy is a part of West Egg, which is old money; inherited money, while Gatsby is a part of East Egg, which is new money. This naivety from Gatsby causes him to be blatantly unaware of everything that is happening around him. â€Å"Gatsby, just like the brand new monstrosity he inhabits, is ‘flashy’: he wears pink suits, gaudy shirts, and drives an extravagant Rolls Royce. Despite all of their obvious wealth, the nouveau riche are imposters—cheap materialistic imitations of the American Dream. They can never possess the Buchananss old-wealth taste, epitomized by their cheerful red and white Georgian Colonial mansion, overlooking the bay (4) . On Long Island, aristocratic grace and elegance cannot be purchased, only inherited. Try as they may, the inhabitants of West Egg will never be able to acquire true opulence. Daisy Buchanans white roadster and spotless flowing gowns,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1465 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom reality to a world of imagination that is ideal for someone. However, we get overwhelmed with our fantasies, we lose touch with reality. In the text, â€Å"Is The Great Gatsby the Most Overrated Literary Novel of All Time,† Daniel Honan argues that the classic American novel, The Great Gatsby is an overrated novel in his opinion. Honan challenges his claim on the novel by questioning, should his book be considered an American classic? Author, F.Scott Fitzgerald, portrays his novel The Great GatsbyRead MoreIllusion Vs. Reality : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1034 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Illusion Vs. Reality Everyday people create false realities to live in a world that they want. They lie to themselves and others only to find in the end that they are drowning in the reality of a situation. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s book, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the concept of illusion versus reality is a leading cause of the failures and issues that most of the characters face. Their emotions and mentalities ran high in the book leading them into a whirlwind of illusion rather than reality. TheirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1519 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby differs greatly from their actual selves. The use of illusion in the novel is used effectively to portray the nature of people in the 1920 s, and the â€Å"artificial† life that is lived in this modern age. There are many incidences in which the appearance of characters is far different than what lurks inside them. Several of these incidences are shown in the appearances of Gatsby himself, Daisy Buchanan, and Gatsby’s true love for Daisy. Gatsby goes through a dramaticRead MoreReality And Illusions : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1211 Words   |  5 PagesReality and Illusions Struggling with the separation of reality and an illusion, the characters in The Great Gatsby lived lives of deceit, which were not all as fabulous as they may have appeared. Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker were just a few examples of people, who were seemingly flawless and content, but truly they were lost, chasing after a dream they could never grasp. Jay Gatsby was a man obsessed with a dream of love and wealth. In his mind, Gatsby created an unattainable illusionRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby: American Dream or American Nightmare?1739 Words   |  7 Pagesstare blankly.† ― F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby The American Dream, a long standing ideal embodies the hope that one can achieve financial success, political power, and everlasting love through dedication and hard work. During the Roaring 20s, people in America put up facades to mask who they truly were. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald conveys that the American Dream is simply an illusion, that is idealist and unreal. In the novel, Gatsby, a wealthy socialite pursues his dream, DaisyRead MoreJay Gatsbys Illusions in Fitzgerald’s American classic The Great Gatsby685 Words   |  3 Pagesout. A good example would be the character Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s American classic: The Great Gatsby. Gatsby was unable to distinguish between his love for Daisy, a reality, versus the illusion that he could recapture her love by establishing and inventing a fraudulent past. He believed he could repeat the past, and acquire a flaunting wealth. In the novel, Jay Gatsby seems incompetent in establishing a difference bet ween the realities of his life versus the illusion he made out.Read MoreThe Great Gatsby: Appearance Vs Reality1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Appearance VS Reality F. Scott Fitzgerald presents multiple themes and characters that have an overlaying faà §ade that they portray throughout the novel. Fitzgerald’s main representation of illusion is with James Gatz or Jay Gatsby as he is known in the time covered in the novel. Gatsby can also be considered to be the embodiment of illusion within the novel. It is revealed that James Gatz created the persona of Jay Gatsby. As the novel continues it becomes apparent that JamesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald726 Words   |  3 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald showcases characters illusions in the novel The Great Gatsby. Each of the characters gets wrapped up in the dream that they all wanted to live. The Great Gatsby is a novel about the American dream and the illusion is that one can be happy through wealth, power or fame. Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all had an illusion thinking they can live the american dream. Fitzgerald shows many illusions in the Great Gatsby. Throughout the novel Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy, thinking thatRead MoreDepicting the Difference Between Reality and Illusion in ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pagesof dreams and illusions ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald both depict the conflict between reality and illusion centring on the desire to achieve the ‘American dream,’ which causes many characters in the texts to become engulfed in dreams and fantasy. Gatsby and Blanche are the protagonists of the texts not only due to their central role in the plots, but also that they are characters who most desire to live under illusion. Blanche desperatelyRead More##s Of Illusions In The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald And Macbeth1067 Words   |  5 Pagesglass ceiling. Sometimes, a person can have a mental blockade that keeps them from achieving their goals. Illusion often clouds one’s perception of reality and makes it difficult to distinguish what’s real from what’s imaginary and this is represented in many forms of media, including pieces of literature such as The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Macbeth by William Shakespeare. Illusions have been melded into our society, especially through media. On social networks, only the highlights of

Everything is not always as it seems Essay Example For Students

Everything is not always as it seems Essay In the novel, Bel-Ami, Guy de Maupassant uses symbolism quite frequently. Many of the smallest details are completely enthralled with symbolism. Maupassant uses people, inanimate objects, and situations to portray some aspects of his life or simply of French society in general. On the surface, Bel-Ami is a great book, but deeper into the pages lies a whole different world. Webster’s New World Dictionary defines symbolism as the representation of things by use of symbols, especially in art or literature. This definition strikes me as a very vague description. Symbolism to me is a sort of art form. It is not a very difficult task to tell someone information in a straight forward manner, but it takes a lot of imagination and cleverness to utilize the art of symbolism. That is why I enjoyed Bel-Ami. Maupassant really has a great understanding of his views and how he wants to portray them. Take the fish on page 260, for an example (Maupassant 260). The fish represented society. When the wad of bread was thrown into them, the fish would do just about anything to get a piece of it. They fought amongst each other and then they moved away from DuRoy and Suzanne to the other end of the pond, much like Suzanne’s parents and society. This example was just to show the constant and effortless use of symbolism throughout the novel. The mirror is used quite often in Bel-Ami. It appears to us first on page 17 (Maupassant 17). DuRoy, in his ascend up the stairs at the Forestiers’, notices a strikingly handsome gentleman staring back at him. He is taken aback when he realizes the man is himself. DuRoy continues to stand in front of the mirror and admire himself for quite sometime before actually entering the Forestiers’ home. It is here in front of this shiny, beautiful, glimmering object, that we truly see ourselves. DuRoy tries out just about every gesture he might use at the party, just to see the effect of his appearance. According to the symbolism dictionary (http://www.umich.edu/umfandsf/symbolismproject/symbolism.html/M/mirror.html), the mirror is the absolute truth and a reflection of ones soul. It does not lie to anyone. The mirror is also considered a distraction when looked upon for glamour reasons. People don’t have to deal with real life issues or problems in the mirror. You can ju st simply admire yourself to take away all other thoughts that might be troubling at the time. This train of thought was very apparent in the Belle poque, or â€Å"the great age.† Everyone wanted to be taken away from the daily struggle of everyday life. With the French Revolution at hand, people wanted to pretend that nothing was really going on around them. Women wore large, ornate gowns that occupied more space than the actual woman wearing the dress. Men wore dark neutral colors, such that the women would not lose any attention to their date. Society was in all the rage about appearance, and the mirror reflects all. The church was another example of symbolism used in Bel-Ami. It was here that people could come and wash away all their sins, regardless of the nature. Religion played a very important role in French society. It was held, at the time, that Catholicism was the superior religion, and if you weren’t a catholic, you were nothing. It was here at the church, that Mme. Walter agreed to meet DuRoy for the first time. This was a very significant place for the two people to meet. The church announced safe harbor and no matter what you did there, you wouldn’t be judged. Mme. Walter was an innocent woman who had no previous experience in cheating on her husband. She felt that if she met DuRoy at the church, nothing bad would happen to her, and if it did, the all-knowing eyes of the lord would forgive her. It is here at the Place de la Trinite’, that Mme. Walter breaks down and confesses her love for DuRoy (Maupassant 203). A woman such as Mme. Walter felt that she could do just about anything, no matter how corrupt, and go to church and everything would be taken off her conscious. .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .postImageUrl , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:hover , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:visited , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:active { border:0!important; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:active , .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5 .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3fe4486fe70dc855a095c65c35e1fe5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kellogg's Company EssayAnother fine example of literary symbolism, lies in the painting; â€Å"Christ on Water.† The painting depicted Christ walking on water, hence the title. It is quite ironic that Mr. Walter purchased this painting because Mme. Walter viewed it as a shrine to Georges. It is on page 256-257 that Mme. Walter realizes her obsession for DuRoy(Maupassant 256-57). Suzanne exclaims, â€Å"but he looks like you, Bel-Ami,† referring to the striking similarities of DuRoy and Jesus. Mme. Walter turns a ghostly white after hearing this observation. It is later on page 278 when Mme. Walter falls before the painting and prays to her righteous ex-lover. As the novel progresses on, DuRoy acquires a new title, and wears the Legion of Honour pin quite proudly upon his chest. DuRoy receiving this title was a hint that he was on his way to the top of society. Most of the upper middle class men had a title, in which they could show off they’re wealth and power. According to A Lion in the Path, Maupassant was using the title to simply project power (Steegmuller 214). Nobody could ever just be happy during the Belle Epoque. If you had money you needed more. If you were not of noble birth, you had to buy the name. Everyone was so hung up on class and the hierarchical ladder of society that they forgot to be good people. Such an example of this was the gossip column, or the newspaper DuRoy worked for. The newspaper is the omniscient eye of the society it circulates in, according to the Dictionary of Graphic Images (Davenport Thompson 165) The newspaper is were people look for facts and fiction. This was apparent in Bel-Ami. Everyone had to get a newspaper everyday to read about the city and its good times and its tribulations. People also relied on the paper to get gossip about the prominent figures in the town. Ironically, Georges was the head of the gossip column. Society turned to his column for the daily gossip about their peers, and he turned to them for the substance of the paper. Throughout the novel, Bel-Ami, we see just how Victorian France was fairly corrupt, just as our own society. Maupassant’s use of symbols helps to relay his feelings on the world he lived in, without offending his peers. Some instances are clearer than others, but the book is teeming with symbolism. After reading Bel-Ami, I have gained a new insight on French literature. There once was a time when I would cringe at the thought of a French novel, but now I accept them with a profound respect. Bibliography:

Romeo and Juliet Juliets reaction to Romeo Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Juliets reaction to Romeo Paper Ask: How does Shakespeare present Juliets reactions to Romeo in their first two scenes? (1: 5 and 2:2) Juliet falls in love with Romeo from the first meeting. In the first meeting Romeo doesnt approach Juliet with words of love but words about religion and pilgrims. Romeo assures Juliet that he will love and respect her whatever happens. Although Juliet takes it slow and dominants the pace she still falls in love with him. Their first meeting is set up in a Sonnet form. This is a fourteen line poem. The sonnet is divided to equal parts. Shakespeare does that to show us that Romeo and Juliet communicate amazingly well for a first meeting. Shakespeare also uses the metaphor of a pilgrim to show Romeos love to Juliet. Romeo describes himself as a pilgrim going to a holy place, in this case Juliet. Once the pilgrim reaches the place he loves and respects the place just like Romeo intends to do with Juliet. Just after they fell in love they found out who each one is and understand the problem that this relationship is going to cause. The second meeting is a lot different then the first one. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Juliets reaction to Romeo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Juliets reaction to Romeo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Juliets reaction to Romeo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Romeo gets his way to the garden under Juliets balcony and hears her Soliloquy. Juliet is talking about the problem of Romeo being a Montague and asks herself: O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? After a while Romeo comes out his hide. Juliet is very surprised yet scared that Romeo is in the Capulet mansion. She asks him how did he get there and why did he get there. Romeos answers dont make much sense. For example: With loves light wings did I oerperch these walls almost as If he is drunk. Juliet is much more practical and she tells him he is in a great danger if they find him and that he will be killed. Although Juliet is very down to earth she also expresses her love to him by saying: My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love is as deep; the more I give to thee the more I have. She also assures for his love as she wants to see its not only one sided. After she points out the danger she says to him that tomorrow she is going to have someone sent to him and he has to decide if he wants to get married or not. This also shows practicality as she basically says I want to see that you Romeos is serious about this relationship.

Comparing Transport Systems in flowering Plants and Mammals essays

Comparing Transport Systems in flowering Plants and Mammals essays Unit 2 Biology- FUNCTIONING ORGANISMS SAC- Essay on transport systems Transport systems play an essential role in the survival of flowering plants and mammals Transport systems play an essential role in the survival of flowering plants and mammals. These organisms rely entirely on the transport of water, oxygen and nutrients to every cell. To supply these products at a rate the organisms demand to sustain life, they have developed a specialised transport system. Simple diffusion from the organisms surface to their inside would just be too slow because of mammal and flowering plants small surface area in comparison to its volume. The transport system in mammals and plants is relatively similar as they transport materials through specialised tubes, and use water as a basis for transport due to its ideal properties. Mammals tubes are known as blood vessels and form a circulatory vascular system. Blood vessels are elastic tubes that carry blood from the heart, distribute it through the body, and return it back to the heart. The blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are the arteries which are the largest in size of the vessels. These divide into smaller arteries (arterioles), which then divide into microscopic vessels (capillaries). The capillaries rejoin to form small veins and then large veins which carry the blood back to the heart. Mammals also have a lymphatic system which plays a different role in the transport system. The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and lymph fluid. Lymph vessels are like veins except they carry a clear fluid containing mostly water and protei n called lymph, instead of blood. Lymph is composed of excess fluid from tissues, waste products, and immune system cells. The lymphatic system drains away that excess body fluid from the cells with the lymph seeping out of the blood vessels and into the body tissues. ...

Results from the 2010 Census essayEssay Writing Service

Results from the 2010 Census essayEssay Writing Service Results from the 2010 Census essay Results from the 2010 Census essayThe article in question is divided into several parts, each exploring on different topics related to the census of 2010 and its future perspectives. The authors of the article investigate such issues as the changes in the US population, increasing racial and minority diversity as well as state and local population changes. The article represents a full-fledged analysis of different issues concerning the US population and its growth. It also deeply covers the issues of minorities in this regard. It is known that every 10 years the US conducts a census to see the changes in the state population (Mather, Pollard, and Jacobsen 3). Thus, the next census will be completed in 2020. It seems like there is a lot of time ahead, but in reality time goes by extremely fast. The authors of the article answer such questions as where the population of the US has increased and what proportion of the country’s population belongs to the ethnic and racial minorit ies.In this relation, it needs to be said that such census is evidently one of the most important issues for the US of today as more and more representatives of other race or ethnicity immigrate to the country for different reasons, mainly in search of prosperity and better living and working conditions. Thus, the number of minorities is ever increasing. The article summarizes the major findings of the 2010 Census. It states that the census conducted in the nearest past included a slightly different range of questions provided to the US citizens in comparison with the censuses that were carried out decades earlier. The results of the census showed that the population of the US has grown to 300 million people (Mather, Pollard, and Jacobsen 5). However, the authors of the article claim that the pace, at which the population of the US has grown, was traced to be considerably slower than that of the previous years.However, according to the article, the census conducted in 2010 was not a ccurate enough. Thus, it has been historically viewed as a survey with inaccurate coverage often missing minorities and children (Mather, Pollard, and Jacobsen 6). The 2010 Census was not an exception. As for the minorities, it needs to be admitted that according to the data obtained through the census, the Latino population has grown 43% in comparison with the previous decade (Mather, Pollard, and Jacobsen 7). In general, it is evident that the growth of minority population is ever increasing and this trend is likely to continue in future. The census also shows that the increase of the Asian population will also take place in the proceeding decades.As for my personal point of view, I consider that the demographic situation in the US has a tendency to constantly change and there can be no clear perspectives as for the future alterations in the population of the country. We can only suggest that some changes will take place, but in reality, it is hard to say whether our suggestions w ill be 100% true as even the most accurate census does not guarantee total coverage. In general, it can be predicted that the minority population of the US will continue to grow along with the number of immigrants who are likely to become future citizens of the country. I consider that carrying out censuses like the one that was conducted in 2010 is of great importance as it is vital to constantly monitor the demographic situation in the country. I should also say that I agree with the authors of the article that the number of children and population in general will increase at a rapid speed and might grow to â€Å"one-third of a billion people†

Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department Essay - 1

Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Essay Example Today, various agencies of the United States government are tasked to implement goals of the government from the federal to the local level. Prior to the creation of these agencies, governing rules and regulations are in place to guide the bodies respectively with the common intention to uphold the rights and privileges of the United States citizens. However, it is also the role of the government to protect its agencies and programs in order to make them sustainable and useful for the people. The growth and increase of staff and employees of bureaucracies makes agencies prone to small as well as large-scale fraudulent activities from the seemingly innocent loss of office supplies to massive questionable contracts that are too obvious to keep away public attention. Thus, the creation of monitoring bodies that aside the main cabinets with its officials and employees, secondary agencies like shadows were also put in place to check and balance the activities of these agencies whether these were in the benefit of the government and the public it serves, or otherwise. This focuses on the analysis of the tasks of the Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, that is aimed to address the rapid urbanization and the development of housing and community. It is then discusses how their agents or employees are basically hired to prevent waste, fraud, abuse as well as mismanagement of government programs and operations withi n their operating agency.

What Do You Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Do You Think - Essay Example First of all, the HR Director of the construction company should organize an interaction session. In this session the director should suggest the major stakeholders of the organization to realize the significance of women employees. Recently it has been seen that women staffs are considered as more effective employees who can mange several conflicts in an effective way. It is true that the managerial capability of women is much higher comparing to the men. In addition to this, the HR Director should motivate its employees to work together with employees. Collaborative work and effective workplace diversity strategy can help the director to hire skilled women employees. The human resource department should develop workplace equity policy in order to take care of the morale rights of women employees. This strategy will help the organization to avoid workplace conflicts and improve its productivity. On the other hand, the goodwill of the organization can get increased among its internal and external stakeholders. It is true that male employees have the ability to do the hard work and avail more physical ability comparing to the women individuals. In terms of managerial skills, organization can get advantages from women leaders. It is important for the organization to motivate the male employees before implementing any employment equity policy. The organization should redefine the reward structure and performance evaluation process to motivate the male employees. In addition to this, the HR department should organize an orientation process in which the director can help them to understand the significance of collaborative work performance and workplace diversity. Skilled Men and women employees in a group can enhance collaborative group work (Poelmans 174). There are several competitive advantages to implement this initiative. Diverse workforce with female staffs can help the organization to bid for several leading private

Shift work Essay Example for Free

Shift work Essay Origin: A person seeing a table piled high with sumptuous food has a tendency to get too many and/or too large a portion. Since the problem is brought on by the eyes and a lack of reason, the person is portrayed a one whose eyes are bigger than their stomach. Elephant in the room Meaning: An important and obvious topic, which everyone present is aware of, but which isnt discussed, as such discussion is considered to be uncomfortable. Origin: The theme of the exhibition was global poverty. By painting the elephant in the same bold pattern as the rooms wallpaper, Banksy emphasized the phrases meaning, by both making the elephant even more obvious and by giving those who chose to ignore it (like the woman in the tableau) an opportunity to pretend that it had blended into the wallpaper background. Even at the turning of the tide Meaning: The phrase is used to denote some change from a previously stable course of events. Origin: The phrase comes from Shakespeare’s Henry V where he use turning of the tide in a letter. Ear candy Meaning: Music with an instant appeal but with little lasting significance. Origin: The term may have been in use before 1977, although I can find no references to it in print that predate Reddys album title. The term did get picked up though and soon became a generic term for music that was initially attractive but with little lasting substance. Candy is of course what the US calls the confectionery that many parts of the English-speaking world call sweets. The sugary, insubstantial imagery is well suited to these phrases. Excuse my French Meaning: Please forgive my swearing. Origin: A coy phrase used when someone who has used a swear-word attempts to pass it off as French. The coyness comes from the fact the both the speaker and listener are of course both well aware the swear-word is indeed English. F Fair and square Meaning: Honest and straightforward, especially of business dealings. Origin: In the 16th century square meant fair and honest so fair and square is tautological. George Puttenham used that meaning of square in The arte of English poesie, 1589:[Aristotle] termeth a constant minded man a square man. Francis Bacons essay Of Prophecies, 1604 is the first known use of fair and square: Fast asleep Meaning: soundly asleep. Origin: The fast in fast asleep derives from the Old German fest, meaning stuck firmly; not easily moveable as in stuck fast. Asleep derives from sleep in the same way that nautical adverbs like aground and astern derive from ground and stern. To be fast asleep was to be stuck firmly in sleep, analogous to a beached ship being fast aground. Filthy rich Meaning: Very rich, possibly having become so by unfair means. Origin: The phrase comes from the word â€Å"filthy lucre† means money from dishonorable gain. This was first used as a noun phrase meaning rich people; who have become so by dishonorable means like gambling. Face the music Meaning: Face the truth Origin: Comes from the British military. When someone was court marshaled, there would be a military drum squad playing, hence face the music. The term drummed out of the military came from this practice. From stem to stern Meaning: Thorough, complete. Origin: The very front of a ship is called the stem, the rear is called the stern. From stem to stern includes the entire ship. G Get a leg up Meaning: To get a boost or advantage. Origin: This phrase may incorrectly invoke images of a dog raising its leg. In fact Getting a leg up is from the act of an equestrian receiving help in mounting a horse. The helper would create a foothold by cupping the hands to heft the rider upward, throwing a leg up and over the steed. Get of the wrong foot Meaning: Make a bad start to a project or relationship. Origin: The phrase comes from the idiom â€Å"put your best foot forward. † This means to make a best impression. Despite the implication we only have two choices, so if theres a wrong foot there has to be a right one too and get off on the right foot is also in common use. Graveyard shift Meaning: A late-night/early-morning work shift. Origin: So they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, one out of 25 coffins was found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell; thus, someone could be saved by the bell or was considered a dead ringer. Grinning like a Cheshire cat Meaning: Grin broadly. Origin: The phrase comes from the novel â€Å"Alice in Wonderland† where she asked the duchess why the cat grinned. The duchess answered â€Å"Because it’s a Cheshire cat! † I didnt know that Cheshire cats always grinned; in fact, I didnt know that cats COULD grin. They all can, say the Duchess; and most of them do. Good as gold Meaning: Well – behaved and obedient. Origin: When banknotes (known as bills in the USA and some other countries) were first introduced they werent considered to be money in the sense we now think of them. They were promissory notes or IOUs. Gold or silver was real money as it had intrinsic value. Notes were just promises to pay in coin. UK banknotes, like those of many other countries, still include messages like this, signed by the Chief Cashier of the Bank of England: I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten pounds. So, as good as gold ought really to be as genuine as gold, but the more usual meaning of good has taken precedence over the years and left us with the usual meaning of the phrase. H High on the hog Meaning: Extravagantly. Origin: The best meat is on the upper portion of the pig. Rich people have always been afforded this luxury while the servants, slaves and poor have always had to eat pigs feet, chitterlings, cracklings, etc. low on the hog. Horse of a different color Meaning: Unlike the subject at hand. Origin: Horses are registered at birth and the registration includes a record of their color. When a horse trades hands due to sale, the registration is also transferred. Sometimes the color recorded on the registration may not match the actual color of the horse leading one to suspect the horse is not the one in the registration. Horses sometimes change color as they age, just as some peoples hair changes color. More likely the horse is not the one represented on the registration but is actually an entirely different horse. Hold your feet to the fire Meaning: To hold one accountable for a commitment, make good on a promise. Origin: Pertains to torture used during the Crusades. As a method for extracting confession for heresy, non-believers were positioned in a manner that allowed the inquisitor to apply flames to the feet of the accused. This was done until the accused confessed or died. Head over heels Meaning: Excited, and/or turning cartwheels to demonstrate ones excitement. Origin: Head over heels is now most often used as part of head over heels in love. When first coined it wasnt used that way though and referred exclusively to being temporarily the wrong way up. It is one of many similar phrases that we use to describe things that are not in their usual state upside-down, topsy-turvy, topple up tail, arse over tea-kettle, bass-backwards etc. Hard lines Meaning: Bad luck Origin: Clearly the derivation of hard lines is entirely dependent on which line was being referred to when the phrase was coined. There is a reference to lines in the King James Version of the Bible, 1611, and that is the basis of several early citations of hard lines:Psalms 16:6 The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage.

US Role in Middle East Democracy

US Role in Middle East Democracy Democracy is described as a system of government whereby the power is vested in the people by electing representatives who rule them. It is also described as a government of the people by the people. Democracy was started in the ancient Greece and in England after the Magna Carta treaty of 1215. Greece citizens were allowed to speak and vote in the assembly. The Magna Carta treaty, on the hand, delegated some of the king’s powers to the people. The American Revolution is also credited with making a landmark in democracy by the creation of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Democratic principles require the equal treatment of all people and running an institution in a manner that is deemed impartial and fair. Other principles of democracy include respect to the rule of law and protection of the rights of the minorities (Diamond, Plattner, Brumberg). Democracies have been for and granted as a result of wars, revolutions, and economic circumstances. Tod ay the Middle East and in the greater Arab states’ democracy has been plagued by conflicts and authoritarian regimes exercising total control over the people. In the early 1990’s the United States began emphasizing on the development of civil societies in the Middle East through democratic aid pacts. By the 2009 fiscal year, the US annual assistance in the region surpassed the total amount of democratic aid pacts spent between 1991 and 2001. Though the pacts were categorized as democratic aids, it was not necessarily meant to promote the Middle East democracy rather than stability. Most of the Ngo’s who received US assistance avoided doing any act that could be construed as supporting a regime change (Diamond, Plattner, Brumberg). The US is more concerned about maintaining stability rather than the tenets of democracy. Democracy entails the alternation of power from the state to the people. America’s diplomacy in the Middle East is based on maintaining t he status quo and endorsing sheer stability, rather than upholding the ideals and principles of democracy. Tamara Wittes on Americas role in building Arab democracy In the recent years, the promotion of democracy has been a pillar of the US foreign policy not only in the Middle East, but across the globe. However, the true tenets and principles of democracy have always been evaded and questionable in the US foreign policy in the US. The US has supported authoritarian regimes and dictators to ensure stability and US interest and in return turned a blind eye to regime’s usurping of democracy. The US supported Saddam Hussein in Iran-Iraq war but later turned against him when he was perceived as weak after invading Kuwait, a longtime US ally in the Middle East. The Middle East is known to harbor over 60 percent of the world’s global oil reserves, and thus the US is more inclined to maintain stability in the region by overlooking implementation of democracy by the ruling regimes (Wittes,2008). Democracy is an evolutionary aspect rather than revolutionary. After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the country held its first general election in 2005 to mark a transition from an authoritarian regime to democracy. However, to date, America still maintains a military presence in Iraq not to further the course of democracy but to maintain stability and security crucial to US foreign policy interests. Schools of thought in the US foreign policy international relations in the Middle East believe the country pursues stability at the expense of democracy in the region. When the Bush administration failed to prove Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction after 9/11, the administration used the notion of democracy to invade Iraq to stamp out Al-Qaeda. The use of democracy as an affront to war was based on the notion that, the overthrow of Saddam’s rule would bring a democratic domino effect across the entire Middle East region. The invasion of Iraq was not entirely based on ensuring democracy, but a US policy of maintaining security and stability in the region. The then, US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice on her nomination hearing before the Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee in January 2005, announced that one of the administration’s diplomacy priorities is to strengthen the community democracies to fight and alleviate common security threats and ensure stability (Wittes,2008). The US ‘soft democracy promotion’ in the Middle East can be explained in two ways. The US fears it may bring about unfavorable results that may not be in tandem with Washington’s interests. This can be attributed to the election of Islamic factions in Lebanon, Palestine and Iraq who oppose America’s liberal democracy in the region. In Palestinian, the US pushed for elections in return for a guaranteed US support for a future Palestinian state. The elections culminated in the election of Hamas, an Islamic group classified as a terrorist organization by the US and EU. Hamas refused to recognize Israel’s right to exist, and it later led to the refusal of the UN, EU, US and Russia to recognize Hamas as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. (Wittes,2008). Witte also articulates that, the US fears a conflict of interest situation with its allies which may hinder co-operation on strategic issues in the region. For example, to openly deman d for the promotion of democracy in Saudi Arabia may constrain its relationship with the US and push towards China or Russia or run the risk of Islamic radicals taking over the country. Principal determinants of the US Policy in the Middle East Since the Second World War, the Middle East has been of essential interest to the United States. Today, the Middle East has evolved to become a permanent US geopolitical interest. The US policy in the region has long been based on economic factors and regional stability. These determinants have been essential to US that they have overridden democracy and the principles of democracy in the region (Dodge, 2008). Middle East’s presence of oil reserves is a key determinant of the US policy and elations in the Middle East. A 1945 US State Department memorandum described Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves as a stupendous source of strategic and one of the world’s greatest material prizes in history. In 2006, 27 percent of the world’s oil came from the Middle East with the US buying over half of it. President G. W. Bush acknowledged this by stating that, ‘America is addicted to oil’ (Dodge, 2008). US’s dependence on the Middle East oil illustrates that the US will always be cautious about taking any aggressive stance that might be upset or strain its Middle East allies. Nonetheless, as the world’s most powerful nation and the biggest economy, the US has a responsibility to protect this vital interest. In return, the US gets favorable oil prices and strategic partners in the region. The vital oil interest in the Middle East makes the US overlook the exercise of democracy in the region, keep supporting the ruling regimes to ensure there is stability in the region. Today, in Saudi Arabia women are not allowed to vote or lead certain key institutions and the US is its biggest oil importer (Dodge, 2008). The US turns a blind eye on this key violation of democracy for fear that democracy may lead to instability in the region. The US instead keeps a diplomatic policy that maintains the status quo in the region to maintain stability and protect this key economic interest . US democracy effects of in respective Middle East states The US and Israel-and the Palestinians The Jewish state is a key US ally in the Middle East since the recognition of the state by President Harry Truman in 1948. Since then Israel has continued to enjoy US support over time. Israel’s support has remained to be a pillar of US foreign policy in the Middle East as the one of the few democratic states in the region. The US policy of the state is based on several factors in that, to ensure stability in the region and a stable ally. However, Israel’s unwavering US support however, pitted it against its neighbour states who viewed it as a threat to Palestine (Dodge, 2008). Israel has over time been accused of violating known international human rights, and the tenets of democracy but the US has however supported the state for the maintenance of stability in the region. The US backed Israel in its military strikes against the Palestinian authority and militants in the Gaza strip and the occupied territories of the west bank during the rule of Ariel Sharon. Subsequently, the US push for democracy in the Palestinian territories led to the election of a religious extremist group with terrorist affiliations. The US preconditioned the Palestinian territories to allow room for democracy and in return the US would support the formation of a future Palestinian state (Dodge, 2008). The elections culminated in the election of Hamas, an Islamic group classified as a terrorist organization by the US and EU. Hamas refused to recognize Israel’s right to exist, and it later led to the refusal of the UN, EU, US and Russia to recognize Hamas as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The preset preconditions were that the Palestine territories would accept Israel’s right to existence, abandon violence and acknowledge previous Palestine-Israel agreements. In 2007, following a forcible capture of Gaza by Hamas the US responded by imposing economic sanctions on the Palestinian enclave. The US at the same time rapidly increased funding of the West-Bank under the control of Fatah. Fatah was headed by Mahmoud Abbas had received US support in his candidacy for prime minister and president in 2003 and 2005 respectively. The US’s intention of the increased Fatah’s funding was to undermine the Hamas movement and strengthen the Fatah party. This scenario indicates that the US promoted Fatah because there was a viable condition for having a democracy and ensuring in the region (Dodge, 2008). Bahrain In the Middle East Bahrain is an key US ally primarily due to the location of US Navy Fifth Fleet command headquarters situated in the country’s capital and due to Bahrain’s importance to Saudi Arabia as a check to Iran. Bahrain’s ruling government is comprised of the Sunni minority whereas the Shia Muslims, who are the country’s majority are minimally represented in government. The principles of democracy articulate that, in any democratic setting the ruling government must respect and teat the minority in equal measure as the majority. However, the US tends to overlook this aspect for the maintenance of stability in the region. Military aid in the country increased in 2001 from 235,000 dollars to 90.4 million in 2004 (Carothers Ottaway,2010). This was largely attributed to the US’s policy of key Bahrain as an ally and maintaining stability in the region by allowing the continued stay of US troops in the region. Iraq The Iraq invasion of 2003 was based on based on the notion that there was a need to counter US threats and bring stability and the only way viable way to do so was by introducing democracy in Iraq. Saddam’s twenty four year rule was overthrown amid an effort to bring democracy to the country and the entire Middle East region. The introduction of democracy in Iraq was seen as the cornerstone of democracy in the entire region. US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice termed the transformation of Iraq as a key element of a very distinct Middle East (Dalacoura,2005). The fall of Saddam’s Baath party led to a collapse of public order which was highly unanticipated by the US. The collapse gave birth to the formation of Islamic insurgent groups that engaged the US in a war to push them out of Iraq. An extreme shortage in basic necessities such as food and water swept across the country. Insecurity became rampant and majority of the people were displaced, and a new conflict was fo rmed. A conflict between the US military and Iraq insurgents. The collapse of public order threatened stability in the region and led engagement of the longest US war in history. In Saddam’s twenty-four year rule, Iraq largely experienced stability and public order which was constrained by US’s introduction of democracy in the country. After the formation of an elected government, the country privatized all state -owned companies in all sectors except oil and minerals. This was viewed an economic reform of the country. New bilateral agreements were signed to ensure stability in the region (Dalacoura,2005). Jordan Due to its constitutional monarch, Jordan has for a long time been regarded as one of the most stable states in the Middle East. During the Bush administration, Jordan and the US only engage on an ‘as needed’ basis only. However, after the Iraq invasion in 2003, this need be basis changed. The US reviewed its relations with the Jordan and democratic reforms. However, the renewed interest of democracy in US was based on ensuring stability in the region and the significance of maintenance of peace with Israel. An agreement with the US was signed that allowed Jordan to consolidate its debt with the US. In return, Jordan agreed to train Iraq police on its soil to help combat the growing insurgency in Iraq. State interactions between the two countries increased (Carothers Ottaway,2010). Lebanon Renewed calls for democracy in Lebanon led to the country’s first free and fair general elections in 2005. The election resulted in the election of Hezbollah, a terrorist group in government. Election of the group to government led to widespread negative press against the US, but the US still kept maintaining diplomatic relations with the country for the sake of stability. The introduction of democracy in the country by US was perceived as a way maintaining stability by giving people a chance to elect leaders of their choice (Carothers Ottaway,2010). However, the election of Hezbollah faced the US with a dilemma of how to maintain diplomatic relations with the country with a government that representatives with known terrorist affiliations Syria Due to Syria’s classification as a state sponsor of terrorism the US only exercises minimal direct interactions with the state. Syria has been ruled by the Assad dynasty for decades. The Assads practice total authoritarian rule over their subjects. Under the Obama administration, the US threatened to invade Syria to impose democracy and rule of law in the country. The invasion was vetoed by Russia in the UN Security Council meeting. After the veto of military intervention, the US sponsored a revolution to topple that Assad government by supplying weapons to the revolutionary groups Documents on Democracy. (2014). A general election was held in 2014, and Bashar al-Assad won by a landslide victory. 88.7 percent of the electorates elected him even after been opposed by the US. Though the US did not explicitly acknowledge Assad’s election it recommended the people for participating in the election. References Carothers, T., Ottaway, M. (Eds.). (2010). Uncharted journey: promoting democracy in the Middle East. Carnegie Endowment Dalacoura, K. (2005). US democracy promotion in the Arab Middle East since 11 September 2001: a critique. International affairs, 81(5), 963-979. Dodge, T. (2008). US foreign policy in the Middle East (pp. 214-235). Oxford University Press. Documents on Democracy. (2014). Journal Of Democracy, 25(4), 180-185. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0078 Diamond, L. J., Plattner, M. F., Brumberg, D. (Eds.). (2003). Islam and democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. Wittes, Tamara Cofman (2008). Freedom’s unsteady march: Americas role in building Arab democracy. The Brookings Institution

Tatyana Tolstaya’s White Walls: Summary

White walls. In having white walls, there is always room tort improvement. You are never stuck with one look because you can always simply change it. Tolstoy is very optimistic in that she feels that with the end of Communism and the Soviet Houses 3 Union, there is great room for improvement. I believe that she is correct in this assessment because Russia today is not as big of super power as the United States, but it is certainly on its way to be there soon. Another big symbol in this piece, I believe, is Johnson + Johnson.Tolstoy never clarifies entirely what Johnson + Johnson is, but it seems to be a big company. This could be a new company that was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. We learned about how when the USSR dissolved the government and the economy took a huge hit. I believe this is an example of a company that is on the rise. This can definitely be viewed as a symbol due to the fact that it is not only a business, but the name Johnson + Johnson makes it seem as if it is a family run operation.The sentence after Tolstoy mentions Johnson + Johnson, she says, â€Å"From broad, there were quick-acting cleaners and spot removers-aerosols to erase memory, acids to eliminate the past. † This is another example of how she wants the past to be erased. Although Johnson + Johnson is only mentioned a few times in this short story I believe it is a crucial symbol. The business industry is on the rise in Russia. The final symbol I chose was Mikhail Avouching Jason. M. A . Jason was the builder of the dacha that Tolstoy and her family lived in when they were kids.He is constantly mentioned throughout this piece. Tolstoy alas about how she always found some of his old stuff in the attic and how she was always very intrigued by what she would find. The way they describe Jason, makes it seem that he was a very nice and kind man. The main message that I get from reading this is that Russia is a rebuilding country. All the examples in the story of tearing down old things to replace them with new Houses 4 items shows this message. If it weren't for Jason then Tolstoy would never have lived in this house and she wouldn't have found all of the old items left behind by IM.She talks about how Jason essentially dispersed without any remembrance of him. Tolstoy says that, â€Å"Jason dispersed, disintegrated, vanished into the earth. † This shows how over time things become lost. She then talks about how his plaque saying his name had been stolen by an admirer of nonferrous metals. Many people have come and gone but the country has remained alive. As new generations evolve the country has to adapt to their specific needs. Again this is why I believe Tolstoy is trying to tell us that Russia is a rebuilding country.All three symbols mentioned played crucial parts of this story. Different people could interpret them in many different ways, but this is how I see them. They all show different parts of Totality's childhood and how she grew up. All of these symbols also have historical references in them. Again it depends on how you view and interpret them. Someone could think it meaner one thing when another person could thinks it meaner the complete opposite. She never makes a comment specifically about Communism in this piece.She mentions Lenin and Stalin a few times but does not give you her impression of them. An author for The New York Review of Books says about â€Å"White Walls†, that â€Å"Totality's favorite theme is an inexhaustible one: the passage of time, often accompanied by a potent regret for opportunities lost. † This is extremely relevant because the whole story is about the passage of time and how things change. All in all the main message is that Russia is a rebuilding country that is on its way to becoming more of a super power than it is today.

Buyer behavior & integrated marketing Essay

Briefly summarize the marketing problem/issue you have researched, and provide a brief, but multi dimensional profile of the target market. The problems on which this assignment focuses on is how can an organization understand and influence the demands and needs of a consumer by using consumer decision making model and the a decision sequence model which helps an organization define a set sequence in order to plan for its marketing and promotional strategy. The company that has been researched upon in the research paper is Automobili Lamborghini S. p. A that has recently launched its new SUV in the market which also happens to be the first SUV car from the company. The car is known is Lamborghini SUV and there are a lot of things that need to be taken care of when introducing and marketing the car in automobile arena. A consumer decision model will help the company in order to see how a particular group of consumers decides for a particular commodity. What are their preferences, their expectations, how can they be attracted, what is their taste, how well do they memorize a certain product, their loyalties to a particular brand, their interpretation from a product or marketing strategy and the knowledge that they possess. A consumer consciously or unconsciously using all these factors when going to buy a product thus in the case of Lamborghini SUV the consumer will again question himself on the above mentioned grounds (MacKenzie 1986). As given in the research done on the company, the main problems that the company tends to identify from the consumer behavior are; 1. What is the product 2. What is the target market 3. What are the substitutes 4. How does the price and value for money are correlated 5. Is the product a luxury item 6. What sort of a decision sequence model can be used Here is a brief answer to all of the questions mentioned above. As we all know that the product is a luxury SUV that is being marketed for the first time by the company, the company has to target to a specific group with specific characteristics. These people are supposed to be well to do by having good executive level jobs or running businesses and having a family of 2 to 3 persons. This suggests that the targeted customer should be more then 35 years of age but not more than 45 because that goes beyond the sporty and speedy characteristics of the car. The sport and speedy characteristics of the car open two marketing and targeting corridors for the company, that are, 1. executives and managing directors, (as discussed above) and 2. The existing sports cars clients who will then be filtered for having or not having a taste for a sports SUV. The problem is that the product that is in question in the research is quite expensive and thus it is not at all like marketing coke. Customers need to be educated and informed about the value and worth of the product that should be other than the actual cost price of the car (Bettman 1975). With reference to Blackwell, Miniard and Engel analytical framework, analyze the likely buying behavior of your target market, in terms of degree of problem solving, and identify the probable influences on this decision process. You should also identify any issues related to the information processing aspect, as this will inform task 3 With reference to Blackwell, Miniard and Engel, the decision of any consumer is based upon and involves two or more products that are substitutes to each other. For example a consumer might choose between going out for a movie or staying at home, for this matter going to movie and staying at home will serve to be as substitutes to each other. Similarly, in this of Lamborghini, the consumers have a range of choices. These choices include other sporty SUV’s that already in the market by competitor brands like BMW, Mercedes, Chrysler and others. Thus Lamborghini should look into the matter that what do consumers want in an SUV, how and what characteristics they should highlight to attract their customers. Blackwell, Miniard and Engel advocate the fact that there are a number of cognitive processes going on in a consumer mind while he makes purchase decisions. These cognitive decisions can be identified as consumer knowledge about the market and the product, beliefs and memories about information that a consumer gathers from marketing and promotional activities going on around them, their cognitive process of comprehension and lastly their integration cognitive process in which a consumer evaluates two or more choices and short lists to one final choice. This choice is made on the basis of certain behavioral decisions, thus the decision making process of a consumer can also be regarded as their decision plan. A Cognitive Process Model of Consumer Decision Making Lamborghini should keep in mind that its consumers will gather most of the information from their surroundings. Apart from their own marketing campaign, the consumers consciously and unconsciously are gaining information about the sporty cars, their models, information about other brands, performance of other SUV’s that come I the same category of sporty cars and much more. Consumers are exposed to TV shows, magazines, discussions and even get to see these products live at show rooms that they already a lot about the car. However, a marketer should always keep in mind that in order to attract a customer and give him what he wants, the product should be marketed in such a way that the consumer directly notices what he wants in the product without him being analyzing and comparing with other brands(Roberts 2000). The marketing campaign should highlight the characteristics of the product itself in the marketing campaign rather than letting the customer gather the information on his own that can also lead to possibilities that the customer may not be able to find those characteristics on his own. Same goes for Lamborghini, the company must market the new SUV in such a way that it highlights both its sporty nature and its symbol of power of status in order to cater both the target markets that have already been identified in the previous section. Moreover a company must also see into how do different consumers tend to interpret the information and marketing material that is made available to the customers. This data must be designed in such a way that it is not contrary to any sort of a customer because every potential customer might interpret the information in line with his own preferences and tastes. For example, those customers who are business and corporate executives want the car to be a status symbol for them, thus a campaign should not only cater the racing and sport nature of the car because that will leave an informal image over the formal and status conscious customers. Thus the interpretation of customers should also be taken into account by Lamborghini when coming up with a marketing plan. Moreover Lamborghini should introduce the product in the market that it leaves a lasting impression in the memory of the potential consumers. This is because the consumers that Lamborghini is planning to target are the ones who will not think about whether to buy or not to buy a product. They will tend to go to buy only when they need to buy a product. For this they must have an image of Lamborghini in their minds that they can recall when they feel the need for a product. Moreover, as the product that Lamborghini is marketing is a product that the consumers do not buy very quickly due to its price, thus over this decision making plan and process of the consumers, Lamborghini should also provide the consumers with new information and characteristics of the car in order to renew the old information in the minds of consumers along with keeping them more informed and updated about the product. This can easily be done with a planned marketing campaign through which new information and strategies can be implemented as soon as the company feels the need to implement them(Moner 1973). The integration and evaluation process is stored in a consumer’s memory and thus most of the time it is seen that these evaluations then tend to turn into attitudes and beliefs of a consumer. These beliefs and attitude are of both the natures, they can be changed and at times they cannot be changed. Thus the marketer need to focus on these beliefs and attitudes because basically these are the factors that influence a customer’s intension in his decision making process. Thus Lamborghini can use this information of customer in many ways that is; they can analyze why brand loyal consumers go for a certain brand, why do they hate another brand and what are their beliefs and attitudes towards the product if they don’t go with it. For example, some customers might be loyal to Lamborghini sedan cars and they might not go for an SUV because they might think that they are not that fast s the sedan, hence, the Lamborghini can use this information by educating its customers and potential target market that the Lamborghini SUV is as fast as a normal sedan and can highlight extra advantages of the SUV then the normal sedan. The company can also market its muscular look and powerful attributes in order to attract those customers who are looking for sporty SUV’s due to status symbol both in an out of the office, that is in the corporate world and when traveling with a family(Woodside 1992).

buy custom The Business Environment essay

buy custom The Business Environment essay There are gains and risks of economic globalization. Globalization can be defined as increase international contact in economic activities, culture and people (Held 2007, pg 1). This term can also be used to refer to the worldwide flow of popular culture, thoughts and languages. When applied in the economic context the term then refers to economic globalization. Economic globalization according to the United Nations ESCWA refers to decrease and exclusion of trade barriers between and among states (Eclac: 2002. pg 10). These barriers might be in form of in terms of quotas, tariffs or export fees. The exclusion and decreasing the trade barriers is meant to enhance movement of goods, services, labour and capital among nations. This paper seeks to explain the gains and risks of Strinidal a country with an average per ca of $ 2000 at market exchange and having a population of 40 million with 14 million living in urban areas. Moreover its major0 exports are raw materials including a small amount of oil. Strinidal according to the listings of the UN is slightly above least developed countries. These are countries with have an average per capita of $905. To transit from this level a country must have an average per capita of $ 1,086. Strinidal is therefore a good example of a developing country. These are countries with per capita more than $ 1,086. According to the IMF report on globalization of 2000; this countries have most of their exports as raw materials and foods (Eclac: 2002. pg 98) Strinidal with an average per capita of $ 2000 and exporting majorly raw material and a small amount of oil fits well in this category of developing countries. Gains globalization for Strinidal The IMF 2000 report states that globalization has four main aspects that is trade, movement of labour from one country or continent to another, foreign direct investment, movement of knowledge ideas, thoughts, technology and also flow of capital investment% (IMF, 2000). Globalization leads to knowledge transfer (Eclac: 2002. pg 98). The knowledge transfer can be in terms of technical knowledge transfer, democracy which leads to the transformation of societies. This knowledge can also be about available opportunities in the market. Knowledge about good policies which led to success of other countries can be acquired in Strinidal through globalization. Importing good governance from the global world can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) the same way it worked for those countries. From a global perspective we can learn that bribery and other malpractices in the developing countries have affected foreign direct investment negatively and thereby a void such practices. Another knowledge transfer that can be of help to Strinidal from the global world is transparency in governments. This fact will help the country to develop because transparency in government businesses attracts investment inflows from global mutual funds like IMF and World Bank. Technological transfer is a primary feature of globalization. Technological and innovate transfer from other countries such in the fields of information (development of mobile phones, computers and other electronics) can greatly boost Strinidal economy. Globalization also opens up greater export markets therefore earning the country foreign exchange (Baffour, A, 2011,pg 138). Moreover, IMF and World Bank reports states free movement of labour in the globalised world will help Strinidal Company in several ways. It can help Strinidal to obtain prodctive labour. The gains from the productive labour according to the report are higher than the income paid to the individuals. The difference in the salary paid and money earned from the labour generates income to these countries. Furthermore allowing labour flow from a less developed country to a more developed country is beneficial. This is because it leads to knowledge and skill impartation to the workers (Eclac: 2002. pg 102). When this labour force comes back home they are able to use the new skills hence will be beneficial to Strinidal. The other aspect of globalization that will be beneficial to Strinidal is the direct foreign investment. This is because when foreigners invest in industries they create employment opportunities to citizens in Strinidal thereby improving their living standards. The last gain Strinidal will accrue from globalizing is through capital market liberalization. From the World Bank research Gao, (2000, p140) non-globalizing developing nations yearly rates of growth dropped from 3.3% to 1.4% in 1970s to 1990s respectively. Developing countries pro globalization on the other hand had an increase of 1.4%, 2.9%, 3.5%, and 5.0% in 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990 respectively. Risks of deeper globalization for Strinidal Despite the many gains for the Strinidal on globalization there are many risks in the various aspects of globalizing. Involvement in globalization in the developing countries increased from 19%-29% between 1971 and 1999. However the only beneficiaries of the involvement in globalization were the developed and newly industrialized countries, (Gao, 2000,p140). The developing countries like Strinidal lost in the long run and therefore its involvement in international trade is questionable if it cannot bear fruits. Moreover instead of depending on aids from developed countries, developing countries such as decided to open their doors for direct foreign investment especially in the 1990s. Nevertheless FDIs have become so much unstable and unpredictable hence cannot be relied upon in investment. World Bank and IMF allege that movement of labour movement from areas where there is low skilled area to high skilled area will help in reinvestment due to introduction of new skills and ideas. But the truth of the matter is that has not always been the case. Many of the workers who go to work abroad rarely do not reinvest back nor do they come back to their countries to offer the new knowledge and skills they acquired. This may be because of the high cost of living in the foreign countries which may force them to live from hand to mouth. According to the policy modeling journal, trade liberalization has led to increasing rates of interest of global loans. Stricter monetary rules have made it almost impossible for developing countries to invest in developed countries such America. As a result it is only developed countries who invest in developing countries hence reap profits at the expense of developing countries. Therefore trade liberalization is not meant for the benefit of the poor countries but for the rich countries such the United States. Capital market freedom is another globalizing aspect. Research by Gao, (2000, p140) has indicated that capital market liberalization is mostly associated with currency and financial crisis. When such crisis takes place a country is forced to mobilize its domestic funds to address the situation thereby slowing growth by going against a countrys budget. Capital market liberalization has also the effect of making countries to give up theeir control of exchange rate and monetary guidelines. This has great implication on other countries economic growth especially when there is world financial crisis. The effect is disabling domestic financial institutions such as banks have been functionally and competitive wise. This is because national financial institutions cannot compete international institutions such as World Bank. Furthermore when countries have debts they have to deposit debt reserves equal to the short term debts with United States. This leads to capital flight. The given money is unavailable to these countries but for United States. This is disadvantageous to the countries getting the loan because the reserved money could have been used for investment. United States on the other hand does business with this money and makes profits via its banks. It is estimated that America makes profit of $ 14 million using this money. The other undoing for the developing countries is the high interest rate of 18% (IMF, 2000). Political globalization was meant to advance good and acceptable ethics in politics. This was supposed to be transfer of information on the best ways of leadership. The philosophies supported as a bench mark for good governance were sovereignty and independency. Furthermore governments were supposed to embrace democracy. However in many developing countries such as Nigeria Sierra Leone and Congo there has been a lot of political interference by international organizations such as World Bank. These organizations control these countries because of the presence of valuable minerals in these countries. They therefore involve themselves in corruption to win concessions, and get access to the minerals e.g. fuel. This has lowered economic growth in the developing countries. Globalization has also led to the destruction of the traditional culture and tainted the image of employers. The IMF proposed radical policies adopted by many countries in the world (IMF, 2000). During the economic turmoil this global organization proposed laying off of many workers mercilessly. This was breaking from many traditional norms of being fair. Difference in globalization in rural and urban areas in Strinidal Globalization has affected many areas of peoples lives such as culture, trade, technology among others. Nonetheless there is a difference in degree of the effect of globalization in Strinidal in urban and rural areas. The effect is far much greater in the urban center than the rural areas. For example in terms of technology the urban areas are more technologically advanced than the rural areas. The urban folk access the internet and are more conversant with the use of mobile phones than the rural folk. In terms of culture people living in the urban areas are more preserved and traditional in terms of their dressing. The urbanized people have integrated other peoples way of dressing by watching their television and interaction they have aped other peoples culture (Baffour, A, 2011, pg 151). Conclusion It will be biased to conclusively say that Globalization is bad. Globalization has its advantages and disadvantages. However for developing countries such as Strinidal it is not prudent that it opens its gate entirely to globalization. We have seen that globalization to a greater extent favors developed countries. Furthermore the developed and international organizations have always made use developing nations as a stepping stone in achieving their goals in the global and free market economy. Buy custom The Business Environment essay

Bob McDonnell essays

Bob McDonnell essays Bob McDonnell is running for Attorney General in 2005. He will, if elected, be replacing Jerry Kilgore, a fellow Republican. Mr. McDonnell served for twenty-one years in the United States Army in active duty as well as the reserves retiring at the rank of Lt. Colonel. He has served in the House of Delegates as a representative from Virginia Beach for thirteen years. Paul and I got there about ten minutes late but luckily nothing had happened yet. We noticed the news camera there, which left halfway through his speech. We all got signs with his name on it and below his name Republican appeared. Why is this necessary? I do not think that it should matter what party a candidate is in instead they should be judged upon the issues at hand. All it does is perpetuate a two party system in which many people are not really heard. They just vote for the lesser of two evils. Of course there are many people that full heartedly support candidates. This is one of the reasons that we have such a low voting rate in this country. Before Bob got to the podium two other people stood up there and rambled for a few minutes on how great of a guy he is. He started off by talking of the founding fathers saying George Washington is his hero. Then he spoke of the rising meth usage in southwest Virginia saying that he wants to raise mandatory minimum sentences. Later in his speech he said that he wanted to give judges more sentencing options in cases involving juveniles. This seemed slightly contradictory to me. He wants to bind judges hands in one area but allow them more leeway in another. Personally I am against mandatory minimum sentences as it does not allow a judge to look at a case and make and appropriate decision with the sentencing given different circumstances. Especially in the realm of drug enforcement when too often people are charged with intent to distribute because they have a certain amount of the drug. Distribution was ...

Comparing & Contrasting Authorities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing & Contrasting Authorities - Essay Example The "Boy with a Pipe" has been one of the most 'talked about' & heavily debated works of art between late 2004 & 2005. This has been the case owing to the fact that this particular painting holds the world record of being the most expensive painting ever to have been sold through an auction at a staggering price of $104.2 million (US dollars). The authors of these three articles have expressed their opinion on the pricing of this specific piece of art and have done so by citing & comparing the painting with other pieces of art that command similar attention in the art world. My argument on this particular discussion is that the price of an art piece is not in direct relation to the quality and fame attached to it. I have chosen the first article because I find it to be a fair report of the incident. It simply reports the price of the painting (Boy with a Pipe) and provides an insight into the brief history of artwork being sold through auctions. In the second article, the author strongly concludes that the society is spending money crazily in an effort to buy these pieces of artwork and investing money into this domain right from the beginning. In fact, the author for this second article has included as many as twelve quotes from professionals of artwork in an effort to provide support to his point of view. It is evident that the author is obviously trying hard to influence his audiences in an effort to make them agree with his point of view that stresses that there is a major trend that the society is now investing in arts for money. I have found myself to have a sense of understanding with the author of the third article and in fact, this is what my argument has really been about. My opinion is that the price of an artwork is very dependent on the nature of the buyer. After all, a piece of art will remain a piece of art no matter whether a person likes a piece of art and would like to keep it to him/herself. If a person is rich and can afford to pay millions of dollars in order to buy it, then one could say that's how much it's worth. The hard truth is that a person who really appreciates art would not consider as an avenue of investment. In Sotheby's, the author compares the price of the Picasso painting with the most expensive piece of artwork by Van Gogh. He has simply reported this as a piece of fact. The story from Investment News has mentioned about the staggering price of the Picasso painting. The author has an opinion that it seems to be a trend among people, especially the rich, who regard works of

Decision to Charge Appropriate Interest Rate Essay

Decision to Charge Appropriate Interest Rate - Essay Example However, if any of the above mentioned determinants, fails to meet the expectations of the investors, then investors become shaky regarding their investments. The investors are mainly of two types, one who receives the ownership of the business by purchasing the shares of the company, in this way they invest in the company and are known as shareholders. They demand their return in two major ways i.e. dividends (distribution of profits) and capital gain (increase in the value of shares). On the other hand, the other kind of investors, are the creditors and they provide loans to the business such that amount of loan is repayable in certain time against which they demand a return in the form of interest. Generally, if the financial prospects of the business seem sound in the future, shareholders also require more return. However, if the financial prospects of the company are to show more vulnerability and inconsistency, then loan providers charge higher interest because their investment comes at stake due to increasing risk of solvency, bankruptcy and likelihood of inability of business to pay interest and principal. In short, out of the two types of investors, i.e. shareholders and debt holders, this particular article mainly focuses upon the required rate of return demanded by the debt holders only. Generally if an organization’s future financial outlook seems to be stable and bright looking, the debt holders prefer that organization to invest in as they would find their investment less risky as compared to that organization which is found to be struggling in dealing with its financial prospects. To be more specific, debt holders will charge less interest to that business which has consistent and growing cash flows, profitability, less amount of debt included in the overall capital structure and increasing net worth of the business. All of the above mentioned factors are the determinants of a safe, prosperous and better looking business. Conversely, debt holders would charge a relatively higher interest from those businesses which have inconsistent cash flows and profitability, highly indebted and having vulnerable net worth of the business in upcoming periods. Debt holders find their investment highly risky and as a result of bearing that extra risk, they demand higher interest to compensate that risk. As far as ACME Consulting Business is concerned, its cash balance is going to increase at double rate on yearly basis with the amounts of $39K, $138K and $177K. The net profit margin is also estimated to increase as it will be 0.33%, 4.87% and 5.94% respectively. Total Debt to Total Asset ratio will also be expected to decline from 76.55% to 61.24% in three years time. Lastly, Net Worth to Total assets of the business is estimated to increase from 65.09% to 86.31% in the same period. Debt ratio of the business is however higher than industry which is a questioning sign for the business. Net Worth ratio is better than the industry whi ch can be a positive sign for the business in future. For Interstate Travel Center, the cash balance will also be increased at almost a double pace, with

Environmental Issues in the Pacific Islands Case Study

Environmental Issues in the Pacific Islands - Case Study Example References will be made to other regions that have formulated and implemented successful environmental programs to serve as guidance in deducing viable environmental projects or programs for the country. The Philippines now comprises of about 80 million people and the majority is found to be dwelling in urban areas. Among other Asian countries, the Philippines ranks as having one of the highest urbanized areas. The rapid increase in the population rate in general and in the urbanization rate in particular, has thus contributed much not only to resource depletion but also to the significant decrease in air and water quality levels. One of the direct results of this is the increase in the levels of waste generation. According to a World Bank study on Waste Generation (World Bank, 2001), the average Filipino generates around 0.3 to 0.7 kilograms of garbage daily depending on income levels. The highest waste-producing area is the National Capital Region, which accounts to 23% of the country's production, or 1/4 of the country's generation waste as a whole. In a similar study in 2004, the World Bank found that around 2.2 million metric tons of organic pollution have been produced annually by domestic (48 percent), agricultural (37 percent), and industrial (15 percent) sectors. Out of the identified regions with critical water levels, domestic and industrial sources were determined to be the major water pollutants. Inadequate wastewater treatment has affected the health of the people, with the water having found to contain significant presence of disease-causing bacteria and viruses, making it unsuitable for drinking and even bathing. On a more macro level, this poor water quality threatens biodiversity, and deteriorates the quality of life. Diseases such as gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have all been attributed to poor water quality. As such, the water-related death rates and health outbreaks have been reported to increase over the years. Despite all of these, however, awareness of the urgent need to improve overall sanitation and implement more effective water pollution control have remained very low, as reflected by the low prioritization given to sanitation and sewerage investments. As it is, only a small portion of the country's population has access to sewer systems and decent sanitation facilities (World Bank, 2004). The enactment and implementation of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 which has led to the gradual phase out of leaded gasoline, has contributed much to the significant drop in the ambient lead levels. Despite this, however, other air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxides and total oxidants remain in levels that exceed the standards and therefore are still considered a major concern. Industrialization and the growing population are seen to be the major contributors to this persistent problem. These air pollutants come from small and medium industries that use fossil fuels, with a high share of coal, as the main sources of industrial energy. Among these major air-polluting industries are those engaged in the use of iron, steel, fertilizer, and cement. In addition, the increase in urbanization has encouraged the establishment of

Suicide Bombing Essay Example for Free

Suicide Bombing Essay Suicide terrorism is not mainly the product of Islamic fundamentalism or any other evil ideology independent of circumstance. The world leader in suicide terrorism is the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka theyre a Marxist group, a secular group, a Hindu group. The Tamil Tigers have committed more suicide terrorist attacks than Hamas or Islamic Jihad. Instead, what more than 95 percent of all suicide terrorist attacks since 1980 have in common are not religion, but a specific secular goal: to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from the territory the terrorists view as their homeland. From Lebanon to Chechnya to Kashmir to Sri Lanka to the West Bank, every suicide terrorist campaign since 1980 has had as its main objective to compel a democratic state to withdraw combat forces from territory that the terrorists prize. Mostly are organizational motivated and fanaticism and religiously motivation are two different angles of same picture. Religious rhetoric may help persuade attackers that their cause is either necessary or noble, and that glorifies or renames suicide as martyrdom, but it does not explain why suicide attackers choose that particular tactic. These can be explained by considering some other factors like individual, organizational, environmental and trauma-based motivations. Suicide Bombing is an act of violence that kills the attacker himself in addition to bystanders, but that also represents a tactic of terrorist organizations. The bomber perceives in his mind that by dehumanizing others he will be getting extra rewards like the extremists and fanatics of religious segments think; by giving their life they would be free to enter the heaven. Some other reasons which psychologically influence the mind of a terrorists are personal motivation, organizational, environmental, trauma- based motivations. Organizations provide the means, methods and group self-motivated fundamental suicide terrorism operations and often the ideology as well. They arise from a complex mix of social and political circumstances, psychological and religious context and interplay between the actions, sentiments and rhetoric of terror groups, their constituency and the perceived oppressor/enemy. When looking at the motivations on the organizational level we must acknowledge that terror-sponsoring organizations are largely political in their motivations and resort to terrorism when other political solutions have failed and to suicide terrorism when a specific set of circumstances exist. When one considers the suicide terror groups uses of religion to motivate individuals to sign up to die, it makes strategic sense. Any believer of any faith who is persuaded of the will act in extraordinary ways. Its history depicts that in south India, in the late 11th century, the local Kulasekhara kingdom had special suicidal squads to fight against their mighty neighbors, the Cholas. These Nair warriors were specially trained in so called Kalaris. These Nair race later transformed as the rulers of the region, and in war festivlas like Mamankam, they were still in use aganist the Zamorin rulers of Calicut. In the late 17th century, Qing official Yu Yonghe recorded that injured Dutch soldiers fighting against Koxingas forces for control of Taiwan in 1661 would use gunpowder to blow up both themselves and their opponents rather than be taken prisoner. However, the Chinese observer may have confused such suicidal tactics with the standard Dutch military practice of undermining and blowing up positions recently overrun by the enemy which almost cost Koxinga his life during the siege. During the Belgian Revolution, Dutch Lieutenant Jan van Speijk detonated his own ship in the harbour of Antwerp to prevent its capture by the Belgians. Another example was the Prussian soldier Karl Klinke on 18 April 1864 at the Battle of Dybbol, who died blowing a hole in a Danish fortification. In the 18th century John Paul Jones wrote about Ottoman sailors setting their own ships on fire and ramming the ships of their enemies, although they knew this meant certain death for them. Modern suicide bombing as a political tool can be traced back to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in 1881. Alexander fell victim to a Nihilist plot. While driving on one of the central streets ofSaint Petersburg, near the Winter Palace, he was mortally wounded by the explosion of hand-made grenades and died a few hours afterwards. The Tsar was killed by a member of Narodnaya Volya,Ignacy Hryniewiecki, who died while intentionally exploding the bomb during the attack. Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff intended to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bomb in 1943, but was unable to complete the attack. During the Battle for Berlin the Luftwaffe flew Selbstopfereinsatz against Soviet bridges over the Oderriver. These missions were flown by pilots of the Leonidas Squadron under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Heiner Lange. From 17 April until 20 April 1945, using any aircraft that were available, the Luftwaffe claimed that the squadron destroyed 17 bridges; however the military historian Antony Beevor when writing about the incident thinks that this was exaggerated and that only the railway bridge at Kustrin was definitely destroyed. He comments that thirty-five pilots and aircraft was a high price to pay for such a limited and temporary success. The missions were called off when the Soviet ground forces reached the vicinity of the squadrons airbase at Juterbog. Following World War II, Viet Minh death volunteers fought against the French Colonial Forces by using a long stick-like explosive to destroy French tanks. It has suddenly taken off like a wildfire spreading from Lebanon to Palestine, Sri Lanka, Chechnya, Morocco, Indonesia, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Iraq and now sadly even originating in Europe and European bred bombers now even targeting Europe itself. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) carries out its first suicide bombing at the Nelliady army camp killing 40 security force (SF) personnel. May 21st 1911 Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and 18 persons are killed by a female suicide bomber in the town of Sriperumbudur, approximately 30 miles from Chennai, capital of the southern State of Tamil Nadu. This was the history of suicide bombing which shows that none of them were moved cause of Islam. The terrorist assumes he is in a extraterrestrial battle, involving apocalyptic forces which will wipe out either his side or the other, hence challenging a war of defense; He should dehumanize and his enemies by seeing them as the enemies of God; In joining the group and taking on its values and teachings, he has learned the mind of God is authorized to act in the battle by the will of God; The battle in which he is fighting is for sacred values and he must go to extraordinary means to eradicate and spot out those he sees as evildoers even innocent civilians who he believes are standing in the way of and offending God’s will. It may be noteworthy that suicide bombers mostly are rather young males between the ages of 18 and 27. This fact is momentous for a number of reasons. First, it is the age when testosterone soars. Studies significantly linked testosterone production to dominance orientation in males. When the desire to dominate is satisfied, high testosterone is not related to a rise in aggressiveness, however when such desire is frustrated it results in increased probability of aggressive response against oneself or others. The first motivational set is a trauma based and occurs within zones of active conflict. It is often: nationalistic; viewed in terms of self and community defense; expressive regarding meting out justice to the perceived enemy occupier; and includes acts of revenge. The individuals motivated within this set have witnessed firsthand and over the television their neighbors, family members and loved ones killed by what they view as an occupying force. Many have grown up witnessing countless acts of violence and as a result have not developed normally and often suffer from posttraumatic stress and dissociative disorders. Many have lost jobs, educational opportunities, been humiliated, and often struggle for basic daily needs and security. While the majority of traumatized individuals in conflict zones will not become suicide bombers even if invited to do so, an extremely small group will become vulnerable to terrorist ideologies that promote this tactic. Whereas suicide terrorism is planned and executed by individuals who are members of organizations, groups, or cells, these two levels are in turn influenced by broader environmental conditions that include the political, social, historical, cultural, economic, and religious context. Clearly, some of these sub-elements of the broader environment are more relevant in some cases than in others. Robert Pape, a political science professor at the University of Chicago and a renowned expert on suicide terrorism, argues in his new book Dying To Win that although Islamic fundamentalism seems to be the obvious central cause for suicide terrorism, at least half of the suicide terrorist attacks during the period 1980-2003 were not associated with Muslim fundamentalists. The belief for the strong link between Islamic fundamentalism and suicide terrorism, Pape says, has fueled the belief that to avoid future attacks like those of 11 September 2001, there is an urgent need for a radical transformation of Muslim societies. However, this presumed connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is misleading and maybe encouraging domestic and foreign policies that are likely to worsen Americas situation. Between 1980 and the end of 2003 there were 315 suicide terrorist acts. The overall leader is the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a secular group fighting to establish an independent state. According to some accounts, the Tamil Tigers have carried out at least five times more suicide attacks than other similar organizations put together. Tamil Tigers are said to be behind a very notorious suicide terrorist attack , the assassination of former Indian Prime Minster Rajiv Gandhi by a female bomber during an election rally in 1991. Cultural or religious worldviews enable people to feel that they are part of something larger, more meaningful, and, ultimately, longer lasting than themselves. Suicide bombing offers not only an identity, but also a place in community history life is exchanged for identity. Self-sacrificial behavior is present in many cultures, and is not exclusively linked with Islam. It is an assertion that you will survive as an identity even if you cannot survive in physical form. Individuals can attain symbolic immortality deciding to die for their country. But if offered other ways of achieving symbolic life, they may be encouraged to leave a legacy in a pro-social way, rather than through violence. Pro-social methods of extending identity beyond death include raising children, starting a company and the preservation of peaceful cultural or religious practices. Apart from one demographic attribute – that the majority of suicide bombers tend to be young males – the evidence has failed to find a stable set of demographic, psychological, socioeconomic and religious variables that can be causally linked to suicide bombers’ personality or socioeconomic origins. With the exception of a few cases, their life stories show no apparent connection between violent militant activity and personality disorders. Typically, most suicide bombers are psychologically normal and are deeply integrated into social networks and emotionally attached to their national communities. Randomly attached labels such as â€Å"mad† denote one’s inability to fathom the deeper reasons but don’t advance our understanding of the causes of the phenomenon of suicide bombing. Rather, they impede us from discovering its real nature, purpose and causes. The meaning and nature of suicide in a suicide bombing are strikingly different from ordinary suicide. Suicide bombing falls into the category of altruistic suicidal actions that involve valuing one’s life as less worthy than that of the group’s honor, religion, or some other collective interest. Religiously and nationalistically coded attitudes owards acceptance of death, stemming from long periods of collective suffering, humiliation and powerlessness enable political organizations to offer suicide bombings as an outlet for their people’s feelings of desperation, deprivation, hostility and injustice. Suicide is a major sin in Islam The Quran does tell Muslims, Do not kill yourselves and warns that those who disobey will be cast into the fire. The Prophet Mohammed is reported to have said that a suicide cannot go to paradise. If people do good to you, do good to them; and if they mistreat you, still refrain from being unjust. Another story tells of Mohammed ordering his soldiers not to mistreat women and children, even during a battle. Both the Quran and hadiths offer examples of respect given to Christians and Jews – both considered along with Muslims as people of the Book. But bin Laden and some other terrorists say the less militant parts of Muslim teachings simply dont apply to their war with the West. This belief can be traced to a few well-known figures of relatively recent Muslim history. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab was a contemporary of George Washington. His supporters say he was a religious reformer who cleaned up a corrupted version of Islam practiced in his part of Arabia. Opponents call him a political opportunist who used religion as a weapon. In either case, he declared that Islam had been corrupted a generation or so after the death of Mohammed, and he condemned any theology, customs or practices developed after that. Islamic laws oppose the practice. This religious prohibition has had the intended effect. According to Franz Rosenthal a scholar of the subject suicide was of comparatively rare occurrence in traditional Muslim society. The most extreme ways that people can invest in their world view is to sacrifice their own life for it. Physical risks help to secure their own immortality this is self sacrifice as self-defense. Harming innocent bystanders, even in times of war, was forbidden by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This includes women, children, noncombatant bystanders, and even trees and crops. Nothing is to be harmed unless the person or thing is actively engaged in an assault against Muslims. The predominant theme in the Quran is forgiveness and peace. Allah (God) is Merciful and Forgiving, and seeks that in His followers. Indeed, most people who spend time on a personal level with ordinary Muslims have found them to be peaceful, honest, hard-working, civic-minded people. In the fight against terrorism of all forms, it is important to understand who or what is our enemy. We can only fight against this horror if we understand its causes and motivations. The entire Quran, taken as a complete text, gives a message of hope, faith, and peace to a faith community of one billion people. The overwhelming message is that peace is to be found through faith in God, and justice among fellow human beings. At the time the Quran was revealed, there was no United Nations or Amnesty International to keep the peace or expose injustice. Inter-tribal violence and vengeance was commonplace. As a matter of survival, one must have been willing to defend against aggression from all sides. Nevertheless, the Quran repeatedly urges forgiveness and restraint, and warns believers not to transgress or become oppressors. If anyone slays a person- unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it would be as if he slew all people. And if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all people. Quran 5:32Invite all to the way of your Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching. And argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious And if you punish,let your punishment be proportional to the wrong that has been done to you. But if you show patience, that is indeed the best course. Be patient, for your patience is from God. And do not grieve over them, or distress yourself because of their plots. For God is with those who restrain themselves, and those who do good. Quran 16:125-128 The recompense for an injury is an injury equal thereto (in degree) but if a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from God, for God loves not those who do wrong. But indeed, if any do help and defend themselves after a wrong done to them, against such there is no cause of blame. The blame is only against those who oppress men with wrongdoing and insolently transgress beyond bounds through the land, defying right and justice. For such there will be a penalty grievous (in the Hereafter). But indeed, if any show patience and forgive, that would truly be an affair of great resolution. Quran 42:40-43. Goodness and evil are not equal. Repel evil with what is better. Then that person, with whom there was hatred, may become your intimate friend! And no one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but people of the greatest good fortune. Quran 41:34-35 The key motivator for a violent actor who seeks to die like a martyr is a strong attachment to a community, usually a religious community. There are dozens of reasons for killing, but violent martyrdom is first and foremost about belonging. Strong emotional ties and strong feelings of mutual obligation often hold religious societies together. They act out of personal despair, rage, hatred, belief in paradise or having been brainwashed. We also assume that their actions are completely irrational and destructive. What we need to look at, in order to correct these misconceptions, is the martyrs discourse and the rituals that surround religiously sanctioned suicide terror. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1066254.html http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1934101,00.html